"Kachwaha Rajput History - Kachwaha Vansh, Dynasty, and Rajvnsh आमेर का कछवाहा वंश, जयपुर का इतिहास, राजपूत इतिहास, राजपुताना इतिहास Amer Fort, Amer Ka Itihas, Kachwaha Rajvansh"

"The Kachwahas are considered descendants of Lord Shri Ram's son, Kush. In the 1612 CE Amer inscription, the Kachwahas were referred to as the 'Raghuvansh Tilak.' Suryamal Mishran considers the Kachwahas (Kachwaha Vansh) as descendants of the Raghuvanshi ruler Kurm.

● Their motto is 'Yato Dharmas Tato Jaya.'

● The foundation of the Kachwaha Rajvansh (Kachwaha Rajvansh) was laid by Dulherao, and its ruler Kokil Dev made Amer the capital of this dynasty (Kachwaha Vansh/Kachwaha Dynasty).

● Dulherao is referred to as the founder/forefather of the Kachwa Vansh.

● They defeated the Meenas and gained control over the Manji. They renamed it Ramgarh and constructed a temple for Jamway Mata.

● Jamway Mata is the Kuldevi of the Kachwahas, while their revered deity is Shilamata."

Here's the information about the prominent rulers of the Kachwaha dynasty:

(Prithvi Singh)

● He was the first powerful ruler of Amer. In the Battle of Khanwa in 1527, he fought on the side of Rana Sanga of Mewar and achieved martyrdom. During this time, Prithviraj's wife Balabai crowned their younger son Puranmal as the king, which made Prithviraj's elder son, Bhimdev, upset.

● Bhimdev overpowered Puranmal in 1533 and became the ruler himself. After Bhimdev's death in 1536, his son Ratan Singh ascended to the throne. Prithviraj's brother, Sanga, started having enmity with Ratan Singh. Sanga, along with Raja Jaita of Bikaner, seized the region of Mojmaabad from Ratan Singh and established Sanganer as his territory.

● After Sanga's death, his younger brother Bharmal began harboring enmity with Ratan Singh. Bharmal, with the help of a conspirator named Asakaran, orchestrated the murder of Ratan Singh and briefly made Asakaran the ruler. Bharmal became the ruler in June 1547.

● Rani Balabai had also granted protection to the wrongdoer, Krishnadas Payahari Sampradaya, in Galta."

**Bharmal (1547 – 74)**

● When Bharmal (Raja Bharmal) became the ruler, Puranmal's son Sujamal, who considered himself the rightful heir to the throne, joined forces with Sarfudin to attack Bharmal. During this invasion, Bharmal had to flee Amer and hide in the Aravalli mountains.

Akbar and Rajasthan Expedition:

● In 1562, Akbar made his first expedition to Rajasthan, visiting for the first time. The purpose of this expedition was to visit the Dargah of Khwaja Sahib in Ajmer.

● During this expedition, Amer's ruler, Bharmal, accepted Akbar's suzerainty after a diplomatic meeting with Sarfudin. He also proposed the marriage of his daughter to Akbar.

Jodha Akbar Marriage:

● Returning from Ajmer, on January 10, 1562, Akbar married Bharmal's daughter, Jodhabai/Harkabai.

● The Jodha Akbar marriage was the first Rajput-Mughal marriage alliance.

● Bharmal was the first Rajput to accept Mughal suzerainty.

● Akbar conferred the title of 'Amir-ul-Umara' on Bharmal and appointed his son Bhagwandas and grandson Man Singh in his court service.

Bhagwandas (1574 – 89)

● In 1562, when Bharmal accepted Akbar's suzerainty, Akbar appointed Bhagwandas in his court service.

● Bhagwandas was the first Rajput courtier at the Mughal court.

● Akbar appointed Bhagwandas as the Subedar of Lahore in 1582. Under this Lahore Subedari, Bhagwandas arranged the marriage of his daughter Manabai with Akbar's son Salim in 1589.

● Manabai was known as "Sultana-Mastani" in the Mughal court. Khusro was her son, and due to Jahangir's excessive drinking, Manabai committed suicide in 1608.

Continuing the history of Man Singh I:

Man Singh I (1589 – 1614)

● When Bharmal accepted Akbar's suzerainty, Akbar appointed Man Singh to his court service and conferred upon him the title of 'Faujdar.'

● In 1567, Akbar elevated Man Singh to the highest rank in his court, making him a Mansabdar of 7,000.

● Man Singh first participated in the 1569 Ranthambore campaign and led the 1570 Gujarat campaign under his leadership.

● His most notable achievement was during the 1573 Battle of Sanral, during which he also met with Pratap. In 1576, Man Singh faced defeat against Pratap in the Battle of Haldighati. Consequently, Akbar became angry with him, relieved him of his Mansab, but later reinstated him and sent him to lead the Kabul campaign in 1582.

Bihar Subedari:

● In 1587, Akbar appointed Man Singh as the Subedar of Bihar. During his Bihar Subedari, when Bhagwandas passed away in 1589, Man Singh was crowned as the ruler. At that time, Akbar fixed Man Singh's Mansab at 5,000.

● It was during his Bihar Subedari that Man Singh conquered Orissa in 1594, making it a part of Mughal India.

Bengal Subedari:

● In 1594, Man Singh was appointed as the Subedar of Bengal. During his Bengal Subedari, when he fell ill, he sent his son Jagat Singh to control Bengal.

● Man Singh had contributed to the construction of the Mansagar Lake in Amer for water supply, the palaces in Amer, and the Mukut Bihari Temple.

● He also laid the foundation of the Jaygarh Fort and the Govind Dev Ji Temple.

● Man Singh contributed to the construction of the Man Mahal in Pushkar and two Krishna temples in Vrindavan.

● He established the cities of Manpur in Bihar and Akbarnagar in Bengal.

Mirza Raja Jai Singh I (1621 – 1667)

After the reign of Man Singh I, his son Bhao Singh became the ruler. However, his rule was short-lived. When Bhao Singh passed away, his son Jai Singh I ascended to the throne. Upon becoming the ruler, Jai Singh moved to Agra to serve in the court of Jahangir, effectively discontinuing the tradition of Amer.

Notable Contributions and Achievements:

Prominent Courtier:

(i) Jai Singh I was a patron of Bihari, a famous Bihari poet. He gifted a golden coin for every couplet in the 'Bihari Satsai' after reading it.

(ii) He was also known for his work 'Ram Kavi,' highlighting his contribution to literature.

Role During Shah Jahan's Succession Conflict:

During the succession conflict among Shah Jahan's sons, Jai Singh I supported Aurangzeb. He aided Aurangzeb by leading campaigns against the Marathas. In January 1665, he was dispatched by Aurangzeb to launch a campaign against Shivaji. During these campaigns, Jai Singh I besieged Shivaji in the Purandar Fort for six months. Shivaji was eventually compelled to sign a treaty with Aurangzeb on June 11, 1665.

In 1667, while leading a campaign against the Marathas, Mirza Raja Jai Singh I passed away in Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh.

Titles:

Shah Jahan bestowed upon Jai Singh I the title "Mirza Raja" in 1638. Aurangzeb referred to Jai Singh I as "Banwa."

Mirza Raja Jai Singh I made significant contributions to the Mughal court and played a vital role in the conflict between the Mughals and the Marathas during his time.

Sawai Jai Singh II (1700 – 1743)

Sawai Jai Singh II was a prominent ruler of the Kingdom of Amer, and he made significant contributions to various fields, including astronomy and architecture.

Notable Contributions and Achievements:

Title and Name:

(i) After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, there was a succession conflict between his sons, Azam and Mu'azzam. Jai Singh II initially supported Azam. However, Azam was killed in the conflict, and Jai Singh switched his allegiance to Mu'azzam, who later became Bahadur Shah I. He was rewarded by Bahadur Shah I with the title "Sawai Raja."

(ii) **Jai Singh II was also renowned for his work in astronomy. He built several observatories, which included the famous Jantar Mantar observatories. These structures were significant for astronomical observations and calculations.**

(iii) **Jai Singh II's observatories, such as the one in Jaipur, are not only architectural marvels but also precision instruments that played a crucial role in astronomical studies.**

(iv) **In addition to his astronomical contributions, he also had a temple dedicated to Lord Kalki built in Jaipur, which he believed would herald the arrival of Lord Kalki, an avatar of Lord Vishnu in the Hindu tradition.**

Architectural Legacy:

(i) Sawai Jai Singh II played a significant role in the establishment of Jaipur, which became the capital of his kingdom in 1727. The city was meticulously planned and designed with nine rectangular sectors and seven well-defined gates.

Key Historical Events:

- After Azam's death in the Mughal succession conflict, Jai Singh II initially supported Mu'azzam (later Bahadur Shah I) but later switched sides and supported Bahadur Shah I's son, Jahandar Shah. As a result, he clashed with Bahadur Shah I's forces.

- However, Jai Singh II eventually regained control of Amer. He renamed Amer as "Mominabad" and handed over the governing authority to his younger brother, Vijay Singh.

- Dissatisfied with these events, Bahadur Shah I declared Jai Singh II as the ruler of Amer once again in 1710. This event took place during a turbulent period of Mughal history characterized by conflicts and shifts in power.

Sawai Jai Singh II's contributions to astronomy and his architectural legacy continue to be celebrated today. His observatories are not only important historical sites but also exemplify his interest in scientific pursuits.

Sawai Ishwari Singh (1743 - 1750)

Sawai Ishwari Singh was the son of Sawai Jai Singh II and became the ruler of Jaipur after his father's death. His reign was marked by several significant events and conflicts.

**Key Events during Sawai Ishwari Singh's Reign:**

Conflict with Madho Singh:

After the death of Sawai Jai Singh II, his elder son Ishwari Singh succeeded him as the ruler of Jaipur. However, Ishwari Singh's younger brother, Madho Singh, contested his rule. This led to a struggle for the throne and a significant conflict between the two brothers.

Battle of Rajmahal (Tonk) - 1747:

One of the major conflicts during Ishwari Singh's rule was the Battle of Rajmahal, fought in 1747. In this battle, Ishwari Singh managed to defeat a coalition of regional powers, including Madho Singh of Jaipur, Umaid Singh of Bundi, Durjansal of Kota, Jagatsingh of Mewar, and the Maratha leader Khanderav. This victory consolidated Ishwari Singh's rule over Jaipur.

Construction of Isarlat (Sargasuli):

As a symbol of his victories and a testament to his rule, Ishwari Singh had the Isarlat, also known as Sargasuli, built in Jaipur. Isarlat is a seven-storied structure located in Tripolia Bazaar of Jaipur, resembling a victory tower or a minaret. It commemorates his success in the Battle of Rajmahal and is sometimes referred to as Jaipur's Victory Tower or Kutub Minar of Jaipur.

Conflict with Marathas and the Battle of Bagru - 1748:

In 1748, there was a significant conflict between Ishwari Singh and the Marathas. The Battle of Bagru took place during this conflict. Unfortunately for Ishwari Singh, he was defeated by the combined forces of Madho Singh and the Marathas in this battle. As per the terms of the compromise, Ishwari Singh agreed to provide five paraganas (territories) to Madho Singh, Bundi to Umaid Singh, and pay tribute to the Marathas.

Tragic End:

Ishwari Singh's rule was marked by frequent conflicts, and the loss of the Battle of Bagru and the terms of the compromise left him in a difficult situation. He couldn't fulfill the financial demands of the Marathas, which led to a sense of fear and hopelessness. Tragically, Ishwari Singh committed suicide on December 13, 1750, ending his life.

Sawai Ishwari Singh's reign was tumultuous, marked by conflicts with his own family members and external powers. His rule, marked by the construction of the Isarlat and his victories in battles, is an important chapter in the history of Jaipur and Rajasthan.

Sawai Madho Singh I (1750 - 1768)

Sawai Madho Singh I ascended to the throne of Jaipur with the support of the Marathas on January 7, 1751. His rule witnessed significant events and conflicts:

Conflict with Marathas and the Battle of Kankor (1759):

Madho Singh's reign was marked by a significant conflict with the Marathas. In 1754, Mughal Emperor Ahmad Shah granted Ranthambhore to Madho Singh. However, the Marathas also sought control over Ranthambhore. This led to the Battle of Kankor (Kankor was also known as Tonk), which took place in 1759. In this battle, Malhar Rao Holkar's army faced off against Madho Singh's forces. The Maratha army emerged victorious, and Madho Singh lost control over Ranthambhore.

Conflict with Kota and the Battle of Bhatawara (1761):

Madho Singh aimed to expand his territories into the areas previously controlled by Ranthambhore. This expansion led to a conflict with the rulers of Kota. In response to the conflict, Jhalim Singh of Kota sent an army to confront Madho Singh. The decisive Battle of Bhatawara took place on December 2, 1761, in which Madho Singh's forces were defeated.

Sawai Pratap Singh (1778 - 1803):

Sawai Pratap Singh succeeded Madho Singh I as the ruler of Jaipur. His rule was also marked by several key events:

Conflict with Mahadji Scindia and the Battle of Tunga (July 1787):

Sawai Pratap Singh had a significant conflict with Mahadji Scindia, a prominent Maratha leader. One of the notable events during their conflict was the Battle of Tunga, which took place in July 1787. In this battle, Mahadji Scindia's forces were defeated. During the conflict, Scindia had warned that if he were to win, he would merge Jaipur into the earth. However, he was defeated, and Jaipur remained under Pratap Singh's rule.

Battle of Patan (June 1790):

In June 1790, Pratap Singh found himself in conflict with the Marathas again. During the Battle of Patan, the Maratha forces, led by French commander De Boigne, defeated Pratap Singh's army. Pratap Singh's resistance against the Marathas was a prominent event during his rule.

Hawa Mahal:

Sawai Pratap Singh was responsible for the construction of the iconic Hawa Mahal in Jaipur. Hawa Mahal is a five-story palace known for its unique architectural design with 953 windows (jharokhas) and 152 small balconies. It is often referred to as the "Palace of the Winds" and stands as an architectural marvel of the city.

Sawai Pratap Singh was not only involved in political affairs but also had an interest in literature and music. He was known to compose poetry under the pen name "Brajnidhi," and his collection of poems is referred to as the "Brajnidhi Granthavali." Additionally, Pratap Singh had a group of 22 scholars in his court known as "Gandharvabaisi" or "Gunijan Khana."

During his rule, Jaipur faced challenges, particularly from Maratha powers and foreign invasions, such as George Thomas's invasion in 1778. The history of his reign adds to the rich tapestry of Jaipur's history.

Sawai Jagat Singh (1803 – 1818)

Sawai Jagat Singh's reign had some controversial aspects, leading him to be considered a "notorious ruler" of Jaipur:

Krishnakumari Controversy:

One of the significant controversies during Sawai Jagat Singh's rule was the Krishnakumari controversy. It revolved around the relationship of Krishna Kumari, the daughter of Bhimsingh, the ruler of Mewar. She was initially betrothed to Bhimsingh of Jodhpur. However, after Bhimsingh's death, the marriage was arranged with Jagat Singh of Jaipur. This caused tensions and led to a military conflict.

Battle of Gingolli (Parbatsar):

In 1807, a battle known as the "Battle of Gingolli" took place between Jaipur, under Jagat Singh II, and Jodhpur, under Maharaja Man Singh. The conflict resulted from the Krishnakumari controversy. Ultimately, this war ended with a settlement.

British Intervention and Treaty:

On April 15, 1818, Jagat Singh II signed the Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon with the British, which placed Jaipur under British suzerainty and allowed British intervention in the state's affairs. This marked a significant change in Jaipur's status, with the British playing a more prominent role in its governance.

Sawai Ram Singh II (1835 – 1880)

Sawai Ram Singh II ruled during a time of transformation and modernization in Jaipur:

Residency Council and Abolition of the Regency:

When Ram Singh II initially ascended the throne, he was very young. For administrative purposes, a Regency Council was established with Major Ross as its first President. Later, in January 1844, Major Loodle was appointed as the President of the Residency Council. However, in 1851, Ram Singh II decided to end the residency council system.

Pink City and the Color Change of Jaipur:

One of the notable aspects of Ram Singh II's rule is the change in the color of Jaipur. In 1868, with the arrival of Prince Albert, the city was painted pink, a tradition that continues to this day. Jaipur is often referred to as the "Pink City" due to the pink hue of its buildings.

Albert Hall:

In anticipation of Prince Albert's visit in 1876, the Albert Hall was constructed. This remarkable building stands as a symbol of the city and houses a museum. It was designed by the British architect Samuel Swinton Jacob and serves as a monument to the visit of Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's consort.

Ram Niwas Bagh:

During Ram Singh II's rule, his queen, Rani Ram Kanwar, constructed Ram Niwas Bagh. It's a beautifully designed garden in Jaipur.

Sawai Ram Singh II's rule marked the beginning of a new era for Jaipur, with a shift towards modernization and closer interactions with the British. The famous pink color of the city, the construction of the Albert Hall, and the abolition of the Residency Council are some of the key aspects of his reign.

Maharaja Sawai Madho Singh II (1880 – 1922):

- Completed the construction of Albert Hall.

- Built nine identical palaces in Nahargarh.

- Constructed Mubarak Mahal, which features a blend of Hindu, Islamic, and Christian architectural styles.

- Undertook a significant visit to England to participate in the coronation of King Edward VII.

- Maharani Meri Jaipur, his queen, was honored with a road named after her, Queens Road, which runs from Jhotwara to Khatipura in Jaipur.

Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II (1922 – 1949):

- Ruled Jaipur during India's struggle for independence.

- Became the first Rajpramukh (Constitutional Head) of the United Rajasthan during the post-independence era.

- Served as the Chief of the Rajputana Residency.

- Married Rajkumari Gayatri Devi, a princess from Cooch Behar in West Bengal, who later became the first woman to be elected to the Lok Sabha (Indian Parliament) from Rajasthan.

- Maharaja Man Singh II passed away in London in 1970 while playing polo.

Sawai Man Singh II is particularly known for his contributions to modernizing Jaipur and the "Gentleman's Agreement" of 1942, which was signed between him and Sir Hiralal Shastri to help manage the administration of the state. 

This history provides a glimpse into the rich legacy of the Kachwaha Rajput rulers of Jaipur. If you have any more questions or topics you'd like to explore, please feel free to ask.

**Sub-Clans of Kachwaha Rajputs:**

The Kachwaha Rajputs are a prominent clan known for their rule over various kingdoms and princely states in India, including Jaipur, Alwar, Maihar, and Talcher. The illustrious kingdom of Jaipur, founded by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II in 1727, has been a significant stronghold of the Kachwaha dynasty. The head of the Kachwaha clan traditionally resided in Jaipur.

Here are some of the notable sub-clans within the Kachwaha Rajput lineage:

65 Sub Clans of Kachhwaha Rajputs:

Rajawat, Shekhawat, Nathawat, Khangarot, Ranawat (Not to be confused with Sisodia Ranawats), Delnot, Jhamawat, Dhelnot, Ralnot, Jeetalpota, Alyanot, Pradhan Kachawaha, Sawant Pota, Khiwanwat, Siyapota, Biksipota, Pilawat, Bhejraj Pota, Khiwanraj Pota, Dashrath Pota, Badhwada, Jasrapota, Hamiradeka, Mehapani, Bhakrot, Sarawanpota, Napawat, Tungya Kachawaha, Sujawat, Agrawat, Bhilawat, Jeetawat, Bhijhani, Sangani, Shivbrahamapota, Someshwarpota, Sigadhe, Kumbhani, Banwirpota, Kumawat, Bhimpota, Picchanot, Surtanot, Chaturbhujnot, Balbhadarot, Pratappota, Bhadhawat, Devkaranot, Kalyannot, Ramsinghot, Sanidasot, Roopsinghot, Poornmalhot, Bankawat, Jaganathot, Selhipota, Sadulpota, Sunderdasot, Naruka, Melka, Balapota, Mokawat, Karnawat, Pithalpoata, Patalpota.

1. Delanot:

   - Descendants of "Delan," the second son of Raja Dulah Rai.

   - Associated with the Thikana (territorial division) of Lahar.

2. Bikalpota:

   - Descendants of "Bikal," the third son of Raja Dulah Rai.

   - Their descendants migrated to Bhind in Madhya Pradesh and Jalon in Uttar Pradesh.

3. Jhamawat:

   - Descendants of "Jhama," the son of Alaghrai and grandson of Raja Kankil Dev.

   - Their primary Thikanas were Med and Kundal.

4. Ghelnot:

   - Descendants of Ghelan, the son of Raja Kankil Dev.

   - Some migrated to Gwalior, Rampura, and Orissa.

5. Ralnot:

   - Descendants of Ralan, the son of Raja Kankil Dev.

   - Associated with Manoharpur during the time of Nainsi.

6. Delanpota:

   - Descendants of "Delan," the fourth son of Raja Kankil Dev.

   - Their descendants went to Gwalior.

7. Jeetalpota:

   - Descendants of Jeetal, the son of Raja Malayasi Dev.

8. Talcheer ka Kachawaha:

   - Descendants of Bagha, Bhola, and Naro, sons of Raja Bijal Dev.

   - Established a new kingdom in Katak, Orissa.

9. Alnot (Jogi Kachawa):

   - Descendants of Alan, the son of Raja Kuntal Dev.

10. Pradhan Kachawa:

    - Descendants of Bhinvasi and Lakhansi, sons of Raja Pajawan Dev.

    - Known as "Pradhan."

11. Sawantpota:

    - Descendants of Sanwat, the son of Raja Rajdev.

12. Khinvawat:

    - Descendants of Khinvraj, the son of Pala and grandson of Raja Rajdev.

13. Siyapota:

    - Descendant of "Siha," son of Raja Rajdev.

14. Bikasipota:

    - Descendant of "Bikasi," son of Raja Rajdev.

    - Comprising several "Khanps" (sub-sub-clans).

15. Pilawat:

    - Descendant of "Pila," son of Raja Rajdev.

16. Bhojrajpota (Radharaka):

    - Descendant of "Bhojraj," son of Raja Rajdev, known as Bhojrajpota.

    - "Radharaka" is one of their Khanps. Other Khanps include Bikapota, Gadh ka, and Sanwatsipota.

17. Bikampota:

    - Descendants of Vikramsi, son of Raja Rajdev.

18. Khinvrajpota:

    - Descendant of "Khinvraj," son of Raja Kilhan Dev.

19. Dasharathpota:

    - Descendants of Dasharath, the great-grandson of Raja Rajdev.

20. Badhwada:

    - Descendants of Badhawa, grandson of Raja Kuntal Dev.

21. Jasarapota:

    - Descendants of Jasraj, son of Raja Kilhan Dev.

22. Hammirde ka:

    - Descendant of Hammir Dev, son of Raja Kuntal Dev.

23. Mehpani:

    - Descendants of Napa or Mehapa, son of Raja Kuntal Dev.

24. Bhakharot:

    - Descendants of Bhakhar, son of Raja Kuntal Dev.

25. Sarawanpota:

    - Descendants of Sarawan, son of Kuntal Dev.

26. Napawat:

    - Descendants of Jeetmal, son of Raja Kuntal Dev, with Napa among them.

27. Tungya Kachawa:

    - Descendants of Tungya, son of Raja Kuntal Dev.

28. Sujawat:

    - Descendants of Suja, son of Raja Kuntal Dev.

29. Dheerawat:

    - Descendants of Dhiro, son of Khinvraj and grandson of Raja Kuntal Dev.

30. Ugrawat:

    - Descendants of Ugra, who descended from Jaskaran, son of Raja Junasi Dev.